EFFECTIVE LAWYER-CLIENT COMMUNICATIONS:

AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT MOVING FROM RESEARCH TO REFORM

PROJECT DIRECTOR

CLARK D. CUNNINGHAM. W. Lee Burge Professor of Law and Ethics, Georgia State University College of Law, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. The Burge Chair was established by an endowment from the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Georgia, using funds collected for alleged attorney misconduct to promote ethics, professionalism, and access to justice. He is a member of Georgia Chief Justice's Commission on Professionalism and has consulted with theGerogia's Commission on Indigent Defense. Professor Cunningham is a widely cited expert on the lawyer-client relationship. From 1987-89 Professor Cunningham was on the faculty of the University of Michigan Law School after which he taught at the Washington University School of Law from 1989-2002. Both before and since entering legal education, Professor Cunningham has been extensively involved in public interest litigation. He served as director of the Washington University Urban Law Clinic for four years and as director of the Criminal Justice Clinic from 1995-1998. He has been an expert witness on issues of legal ethics in a number of cases.

ADVISORY BOARD

FRANK BLOCH. Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A. Frank Bloch was a senior Fulbright Lecturer to the University of Delhi and has played an active role in promoting international clinical education on committees of both the Association of American Law Schools and the American Bar Association. He has both a law degree, from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. in political science from Brandeis University. Before entering law teaching, he worked as a legal services attorney with California Rural Legal Assistance, primarily representing migrant farm workers. He is a co-editor of Clinical Anthology: Readings for Live-Client Clinics (1997).

BRYNA BOGOCH. Lecturer, Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies, Bar Ilan University, Israel. Bryna Bogoch received her Ph.D. from the Communications Institute at the Hebrew University. She has conducted extensive research in the area of language and law, in particular the sociolinguistic analysis of lawyer-client interviews and courtroom interaction. She has directed a Ford Foundation funded project on gender bias in the criminal and rabbinic courts in Israel and was a visiting fellow of the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, Oxford University.

ALLAN CHAY. Senior Lecturer and Assistant Dean, Law Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Allan Chay directs the legal practice program at the Queensland University of Technology and is co-author of Legal Interviewing in Practice (1996).

NIGEL DUNCAN. Principal Lecturer, Inns of Court School of Law, London, England. Nigel Duncan received his law degree from Southampton University in 1970 and holds a post-graduate certification in education and an LL.M. from London University. He has been a full-time teacher for over 20 years. He has held his current position since 1989; he teaches negotiation, conference skills, casework, remedies, criminal litigation, unemployment law, and co-ordinates a live client clinic. He is Editor of The Law Teacher, Chair of the Association of Law Teachers, and a founding member of both the Clinical Legal Education Organisation and the Practice, Profession and Ethics section of the Society of Public Teachers of Law. He designed and established the first Access Course in Law in the UK and is a member of both the Executive and Advisory Committees of the Minority Access to the Legal Profession Project.

MARC GALANTER. John & Rylla Bosshard Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S.A.. Marc Galanter is past president of the Law and Society Association, a former editor of Law & Society Review, and past chair of the Association of American Law Schools' Section on Law and Social Science. He is a member of the Co-ordinating Committee on Legal Education, American Bar Association; the American Law Institute; the Executive Committee, Section on Professional Responsibility, Association of American Law Schools; and the Editorial Board of the International Journal of the Legal Profession. He has also served as a consultant to the American Bar Association Commission on Access to Justice 2000. His publications include Competing Equalities: Law and the Backward Classes in India (1984), Law and Society in Modern India (1989), and Tournament of Lawyers: The Growth and Transformation of the Big Law Firm (1991) (with Thomas M. Palay).

MELVIN F. HALL. Chief Executive Officer, Press Ganey Associates, South Bend, Indiana, U.S.A. Press Ganey is the leading company in the United States for measuring patient satisfaction, with over 1,000 clients in the health care industry. Melvin Hall, who has a Ph.D. in sociology, designed many of the company's survey instruments and methods, having previously served as director of research for Press Ganey.

LYNN MATHER. Professor of Law and Political Science and Director of the Baldy Center for Law & Social Policy, State University of New York at Buffalo, U.S.A. Lynn Mather is a former president of the Law and Society Association and a former Chair of the Law and Courts Section of the American Political Science Association. Her research has focused on decision making by lawyers, legal professionalism, the nature and impact of litigation against tobacco, trial courts and policymaking, women in the legal profession, plea bargaining, and the transformation of disputes. She is co-author of Divorce Lawyers at Work: Varieties of Professionalism in Practice (Oxford 2001). She also co-edited a Special Issue of Law and Social Inquiry (1998), co-edited Empirical Theories about Courts (1983), and wrote Plea Bargaining or Trial? The Process of Criminal Case Disposition (1979). Her research has been published in Legal Ethics, International Journal of Law and the Family, Law and Social Inquiry, Law and Society Review, and various books and law journals.

LES MCCRIMMON. Senior Lecturer and Director of Clinical Programs, University of Sydney Faculty of Law, Australia. Les McCrimmon received his law degree from the University of Alberta, Canada, in 1982 and practiced law in Canada and Australia from 1982-89. In 1988 he received an LL.M. from the University of Queensland. In 1989 he joined the faculty at Bond University School of Law, Brisbane, and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1995. He was appointed to his current position on January 1, 1996; he is responsible for overseeing the implementation and development of the school's clinical legal education program and teaches in the areas of advocacy, legal education and law. He is an instructor with the Australian Advocacy Institute, a member of the New South Wales Bar Association Practice Course sub-committee, and co-author of the Australian edition of Mauet & McCrimmon, Fundamentals of Trial Techniques.

DAVID McQUOID-MASON, Professor of Law, University of Natal-Durban, South Africa. David McQuoid-Mason is the current President of the Commonwealth Legal Education Association, as well as the Society of University Teachers of Law, South Africa. The former Dean of the University of Natal Law School, he is the South African representative to the International Client Counseling Competition.

N.R. MADHAVA MENON. Director, National Judicial Academy, and Member, Law Commission of India. Madhava Menon is the former Vice-Chancellor, National University of Juridical Sciences, Calcutta; former Dean of the National Law School of India, the past-President of the Commonwealth Legal Education Association, and the Indian representative to the International Client Counselling Competition. He has previously been Head of the Department of Law, Delhi University; Principal of the Government Law College, Pondicherry (India); a Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies; Editor of the Indian Bar Review; and Secretary of the Bar Council of India Trust. In 1994 the International Bar Association conferred on him its Living Legend of Law Award. His publications include Handbook of Clinical Legal Education (1997) , Social Justice and Legal Process (1985), The Legal Profession in India (1983), and Legal Education in India (1982).

LYNNE S. ROBINS. Associate Professor, Department of Medical Education, University of Washington, U.S.A. Lynne Robins received her Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Michigan and specializes in the sociolinguistics of professional discourse. She served as the social scientist member of the Professional Discourse Project studying client interviewing at the District of Columbia School of Law and has designed curriculum and evaluation methods for doctor-patient interviewing in medical schools.

CHRISTOPHER J. ROPER. Director, The College of Law Alliance (a consortium of the College of Law of England and Wales and the College of Law, Sydney, Australia). Christopher Roper has previously served as director of the Centre for Legal Education, the College of Law, Sydney, and the Leo Cussen Institute for Continuing Legal Education, Melbourne. He has also served as chair of the Legal Education Standing Committee of LAWASIA; the Secretariat of the Committee of Australian Law Deans; the former chair of the Australasian Professional Legal Education Conference; and the founding editor of the Journal of Professional Legal Education. He has consulted on legal education in Malaysia, the Peoples Republic of China, Hong Kong, Cambodia, Fiji, Singapore, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, Vietnam, and Papua New Guinea. He was one of the 1998 Inns of Court Fellows at the Institute for Advanced Legal Studies, University of London and received the Order of Australia in 1999 for his contributions to legal education.

AUSTIN SARAT. William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Jurisprudence & Political Science, Amherst College, U.S.A. Austin Sarat is a former President of the Law & Society Association, and Chair of the Working Group on Law, Culture and the Humanities. He is author or editor of more than twenty books including Divorce Lawyers and Their Clients: Power and Meaning in the Legal Process, (with William Felstiner), Law's Violence, Law in Everyday Life, The Rhetoric of Law, Identities, Politics, and Rights, (all co-edited with Thomas Kearns), Race, Law, and Culture: Reflections on Brown v. Board of Education, and When the State Kills: Capital Punishment in Law, Politics, and Culture. He was the co-recipient of the 1997 Harry Kalven Award given by the Law & Society Association for "distinguished research on law and society."

AVROM SHERR. Woolf Professor of Legal Education, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London. Avrom Sherr is a member of the Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Education and Conduct, the Law Society Equal Opportunities Committee, and The Funding of Litigation sub-committee of the Civil Justice Council. He has also been a member of the Judicial Studies Board Ethnic Minorities Advisory Committee, the International Client Counselling Organizing Committee and the Law Centres Federation Executive Committee. He previously was Director of Legal Practice at the University of Warwick and Director of the Centre for Business and Professional Law at Liverpool University. He is the author of Lawyer Client Interviewing (1996), Advocacy (1994), and Lawyers-The Quality Agenda (with Richard Moorhead and Alan Patterson) (1994), as well as a number of other books and journal articles. He is the editor of the International Journal of the Legal Profession.

JOHN STURROCK. Director, Core Consulting and Core Mediation, Edinburgh and Visiting Professor of Advocacy Skills and Conflict Resolution, Glasgow Graduate School of Law. He holds a first class honours LL.B degree from the University of Edinburgh (1980) and an LL.M. from the University of Pennsylvania (1985). He held a Harkness Fellowship to study in the United States in 1984-85. Since 1986, he has practiced as an advocate (barrister) at the Scottish Bar. In 1994, he was appointed the first Director of Training and Education at the Faculty of Advocates in Scotland. From 1994-2002, he designed and delivered advocacy skills and continuing education programmes for the Scottish Bar, for which the Faculty received a national award for the Best Use of Training in the legal profession in the UK. He has taught widely in the field of advocacy skills and teacher training, including in the United States, South Africa and England. He is a trained mediator and negotiator and the only non-judge member of the Judicial Studies Committee in Scotland. He advises a number of institutions on course design and delivery.

NINA W. TARR. Professor of Law and Clinical Director, University of Illinois College of Law, U.S.A. Nina Tarr is a past president of the Clinical Legal Education Association (U.S.A.); a former member of the Standing Committee on Clinical Education, Association of American Law Schools; and a former member of the Board of Editors, Clinical Law Review. She is currently conducting research on ethical issues raised by empirical research in clinical legal education and was a 1999 Inns of Court Fellowship at the Institute for Advanced Legal Studies, University of London, where she conducted comparative research on legal education in England and the United States.

RODNEY UPHOFF. Professor of Law, University of Missouri-Columbia, U.S.A. Rodney Uphoff was the Chief Staff Attorney, State Public Defender Office, Milwaukee, Wisconsin for five years, Director of the Legal Defense Project at the University of Wisconsin School of Law for four years, and Director of Clinical Education at the University of Oklahoma. He has served as Vice Chair of the Defense Services Committee of the American Bar Association Criminal Justice Section and as Vice Chair of the Public Defender Committee of the Oklahoma Bar Association. He is on the Board of Editors of the Clinical Law Review. He has published extensively on the subject of legal ethics and criminal defense, including Ethical Problems Facing the Criminal Defense Lawyer (American Bar Association 1995). He is currently conducting extensive empirical research on attorney-client relations in the public defender setting.